| Command | Description | Example | Hands-on Task |
|---|---|---|---|
| ls | List directory contents | ls -l /home/user |
Task: List all files in your home directory with details. |
| cd | Change directory | cd /etc |
Task: Navigate to the /etc directory and list its contents. |
| pwd | Show current directory path | pwd |
Task: Verify your current working directory. |
| mkdir | Create a directory | mkdir new_folder |
Task: Create a folder named "project" and check if it exists. |
| touch | Create an empty file | touch report.txt |
Task: Create a file called "notes.txt" and open it with a text editor. |
| cp | Copy files/directories | cp report.txt /backup/ |
Task: Copy "notes.txt" to your Documents folder. |
| mv | Rename/move files/directories | mv report.txt final_report.txt |
Task: Rename "notes.txt" to "important_notes.txt". |
| rm | Remove files/directories | rm -i old_file.txt |
Task: Safely delete "important_notes.txt" and verify. |
| cat | View/concatenate file contents | cat /etc/hosts |
Task: Display the contents of your "report.txt" file. |
| grep | Search text patterns | grep "error" /var/log/syslog |
Task: Search for "warning" in your system log file. |
| Command | Description | Example | Hands-on Task |
|---|---|---|---|
| show ip int brief | Show interface IP status | show ip interface brief |
Task: Check the status of all interfaces on a router. |
| configure terminal | Enter configuration mode | configure terminal |
Task: Enter global configuration mode on a Cisco switch. |
| interface GigabitEthernet 0/1 | Select an interface | interface GigabitEthernet 0/1 |
Task: Configure an interface (e.g., G0/1) on a switch. |
| ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 | Assign an IP address | ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 |
Task: Assign an IP to a router's FastEthernet interface. |
| no shutdown | Enable an interface | no shutdown |
Task: Enable a previously disabled interface on a switch. |
| copy running-config startup-config | Save configuration | copy running-config startup-config |
Task: Save the current configuration to NVRAM. |
| ping | Test network connectivity | ping 8.8.8.8 |
Task: Ping a remote host (e.g., Google DNS). |
| traceroute | Trace route to a host | traceroute 192.168.2.1 |
Task: Trace the path to another device in your network. |
| show cdp neighbors | Show connected devices | show cdp neighbors |
Task: List neighboring devices using CDP. |
| enable | Enter privileged EXEC mode | enable |
Task: Switch to privileged mode on a Cisco router. |
Linux Lab: Use a Linux VM or terminal to perform tasks like file manipulation and log analysis.
Cisco Lab: Use Packet Tracer, GNS3, or a physical router/switch to configure interfaces and test connectivity.
Notes: Replace placeholders (e.g., IP addresses) with actual values for your environment.