**Objective:** Master essential Linux commands, system administration, and scripting basics through hands-on practice. Each lesson focuses on 10+ commands, building from foundational skills to advanced topics.
pwd – Show current directory.ls – List directory contents.cd – Change directories.mkdir – Create directories.rmdir – Remove empty directories.touch – Create empty files.rm – Delete files/directories.cp – Copy files/directories.mv – Move or rename files/directories.cat – View or create file content.echo – Output text or variables.clear – Clear the terminal.whoami – Show current username.history – View command history.man – Access manual pages.mkdir docs/notes), add files (touch docs/notes/todo.txt), and navigate using cd.cat to write content to a file and echo to append text.
ls -l – List files with permissions/ownership.chmod – Change permissions (e.g., chmod 755 file.txt).chown – Change file ownership.chgrp – Change file group ownership.sudo – Execute commands with elevated privileges.useradd – Create a user.userdel – Delete a user.groups – List user groups.id – Show user/group IDs.umask – Set default file permissions.usermod – Modify user accounts.useradd testuser), change file ownership (chown testuser:users file.txt), and adjust permissions to restrict access.
visudo – Edit sudoers file.env/printenv – View environment variables.export – Set environment variables.screen/tmux – Create terminal sessions.ssh-keygen – Generate SSH keys.history – Review command history.htop – Advanced process viewer.lsof – List open files/ports.iostat – Monitor disk I/O.strace – Trace system calls.#!/bin/bash, tar -czf /backup/$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /home).
Create a script that:
df.mail or sendmail).tar and scp.This structured approach ensures learners gain practical skills while exploring essential Linux tools. Each lesson builds on prior knowledge, culminating in the ability to manage systems confidently.