| Exponent | Value | Description / Typical Name |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | 1 | 1 byte – the basic unit of information. |
| 21 | 2 | 2 bytes – used for small data types. |
| 22 | 4 | 4 bytes – typical size of a 32-bit integer. |
| 23 | 8 | 8 bytes – standard 64-bit word. |
| 24 | 16 | 16 bytes – block size of many flash devices. |
| 25 | 32 | 32 bytes – typical cache line. |
| 26 | 64 | 64 bytes – standard cache line size. |
| 27 | 128 | 128 bytes – size of some network packets. |
| 28 | 256 | 256 bytes – small packet payload. |
| 29 | 512 | 512 bytes – part of a small block. |
| 210 | 1,024 | 1 KiB – basic block size for RAM/SSD writes. |
| 211 | 2,048 | 2 KiB – small OS page size. |
| 212 | 4,096 | 4 KiB – standard page size on most PCs. |
| 213 | 8,192 | 8 KiB – typical small buffer. |
| 214 | 16,384 | 16 KiB – often used for cache-friendly data structures. |
| 215 | 32,768 | 32 KiB – standard size for many kernel structures. |
| 216 | 65,536 | 64 KiB – maximum size of a typical memory block in old DOS systems. |
| 217 | 131,072 | 128 KiB – large page size on some systems. |
| 218 | 262,144 | 256 KiB – buffer for high-speed audio streams. |
| 219 | 524,288 | 512 KiB – buffer for video decoding. |
| 220 | 1,048,576 | 1 MiB – common disk block size. |
| 221 | 2,097,152 | 2 MiB – typical size of a small virtual-machine image. |
| 222 | 4,194,304 | 4 MiB – used for small embedded firmware images. |
| 223 | 8,388,608 | 8 MiB – size of a large network packet payload. |
| 224 | 16,777,216 | 16 MiB – common size of an OS kernel image. |
| 225 | 33,554,432 | 32 MiB – typical size of a small graphics texture. |
| 226 | 67,108,864 | 64 MiB – buffer for high-resolution audio. |
| 227 | 134,217,728 | 128 MiB – medium-size data file (e.g., 3D model). |
| 228 | 268,435,456 | 256 MiB – typical size of a video stream frame. |
| 229 | 536,870,912 | 512 MiB – medium-sized virtual-machine image. |
| 230 | 1,073,741,824 | 1 GiB – standard size of a high-end SSD or a modern OS installation. |
| 231 | 2,147,483,648 | 2 GiB – common RAM size in many consumer PCs. |
| 232 | 4,294,967,296 | 4 GiB – typical maximum memory on older 32-bit systems. |
| 233 | 8,589,934,592 | 8 GiB – common limit for high-end desktop RAM and GPU memory. |
| 234 | 17,179,869,184 | 16 GiB – typical maximum for many servers. |
| 235 | 34,359,738,368 | 32 GiB – used in high-performance servers & AI training. |
| 236 | 68,719,476,736 | 64 GiB – enterprise VM hosts & large databases. |
| 237 | 137,438,953,472 | 128 GiB – HPC memory pool. |
| 238 | 274,877,906,944 | 256 GiB – extreme compute workloads. |
| 239 | 549,755,813,888 | 512 GiB – in-memory databases & caching. |
| 240 | 1,099,511,627,776 | 1 TiB – typical SSD/HDD size & backup media. |
| 241 | 2,199,023,255,552 | 2 TiB – high-capacity NAS & server drives. |
| 242 | 4,398,046,511,104 | 4 TiB – enterprise external drives & tape libraries. |
| 243 | 8,796,093,022,208 | 8 TiB – large backup/archive media. |
| 244 | 17,592,186,044,416 | 16 TiB – SAN storage in medium-to-large data centers. |
| 245 | 35,184,372,088,832 | 32 TiB – long-term archival storage. |
| 246 | 70,368,744,177,664 | 64 TiB – tier-1 enterprise data centers. |
| 247 | 140,737,488,355,328 | 128 TiB – large data lakes for scientific research. |
| 248 | 281,474,976,710,656 | 256 TiB – massive cloud storage clusters. |
| 249 | 562,949,953,421,312 | 512 TiB – high-capacity global backup. |
| 250 | 1,125,899,906,842,624 | 1 PiB – petabyte-scale storage used by research labs & data-centric companies. |
| 251 | 2,251,799,813,685,248 | 2 PiB – large cloud-storage tiers & AI training datasets. |
| 252 | 4,503,599,627,370,496 | 4 PiB – national-scale data centers & national archives. |
| 253 | 9,007,199,254,740,992 | 8 PiB – global CDN storage & internet-wide backup. |
| 254 | 18,014,398,509,481,984 | 16 PiB – planetary-scale scientific datasets (e.g., climate models). |
| 255 | 36,028,797,018,963,968 | 32 PiB – deep-space mission data & large-scale AI models. |
| 256 | 72,057,594,037,927,936 | 64 PiB – future-generation AI training & simulation data. |
| 257 | 144,115,188,075,855,872 | 128 PiB – potential global-scale data lake (conceptual). |
| 258 | 288,230,376,151,711,744 | 256 PiB – extreme-scale storage for future applications. |
| 259 | 576,460,752,303,423,488 | 512 PiB – hypothetical universal data repository. |
| 260 | 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 | 1 EiB – exabyte-scale storage (first binary "exabyte"). |
| 261 | 2,305,843,009,213,693,952 | 2 EiB – extreme-scale data centers or theoretical future capacity. |
| 262 | 4,611,686,018,427,387,904 | 4 EiB – potential worldwide storage for future generations. |
| 263 | 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 | 8 EiB – hypothetical limit of 64-bit addressing; often quoted as "exabyte-scale." |
| 264 | 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 | 16 EiB – maximum theoretical capacity for current 64-bit systems; the practical limit for today's storage. |
Any value larger than 2⁶⁴ (i.e., 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 bytes and up) exceeds 64-bit addressing. Current commodity hardware (CPU, RAM, NVMe, network stacks) can't address that directly. The next logical leap would be 128-bit addressing, which would make values like 2⁶⁵ ≈ 34 EiB, 2⁶⁶ ≈ 68 EiB, and so on, theoretically useful for ultra-large scientific simulations, global data-centers, or future high-performance computing. In practice, however, the storage and cost required to realise those capacities far outweigh the immediate need, so 2⁶⁴ remains the practical ceiling for most day-to-day systems.